Elmwood Township is located in Peoria County, Illinois, United States. It was established on November 6, 1849 and as of the 2010 census, its population was 2,598 and it contained 1,094 housing units. Elmwood is located at 40°46′42″N 89°58′6″W. According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.55 square miles (94.7 km), of which 36.1 square miles (93 km) (or 98.77%) is land and 0.45 square miles (1.2 km) (or 1.23%) is water.